The Role of IT in Manufacturing: A Case study
Synopsis for Operations Management Project Report
How to Write Research Proposal on Role of IT in Manufacturing
Introduction,
Importance and Significance of the Study:
The manufacturing sector is the
crucible in which many technologies are refined and fused for the purpose of
making things that people need or want. In 1993 manufacturing accounted for 18
percent of the $6.4 trillion gross domestic product and for nearly 18 million
jobs in the United States (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1994; Council of
Economic Advisors, 1994). Broadly defined, manufacturing includes all of the
activities involved in determining the needs of potential customers, conceiving
and producing products to meet those needs, and marketing and delivering those
products to the ultimate customer. Money is made and needs are satisfied by
meeting quality, cost, performance, and time-to-market goals for the product
being manufactured. These attributes—quality, cost, performance, and time to
market—may be taken to be the yardsticks against which any new advance must be
measured.
A manufacturing business is devoted
to the production of tangible objects that are high in quality and competitive
in cost, meet customers' expectations for performance, and are delivered in a
timely manner. Finding and achieving the appropriate balance among these
attributes—quality, cost, performance, and time to market—challenge all
manufacturing businesses. Those companies that are successful in meeting that
challenge remain in business; those that are not usually disappear.
In a manufacturing environment that
is perhaps changing more rapidly now than during the Industrial Revolution,
competing successfully will require that Indian manufacturers increasingly
provide customers with shorter times between order and delivery and between product
conceptualization and realization, greater product customization, and higher
product quality and performance, while meeting more stringent environmental
constraints. Accomplishing these goals will require major changes in current
manufacturing practices; such changes include the use of new and/or more
complex manufacturing processes, greater use of information to reduce waste and
defects, and more flexible manufacturing styles.
Rationale
of the study
This report outlines a broad research
agenda for applying information technology (IT) to improving the manner in
which discrete manufacturing processes will be carried out in the 21st century.
IT includes the hardware that computes and communicates; the software that
provides data, knowledge, and information while at the same time controlling
the hardware; and the interfaces between computers and the tools and machines
on the manufacturing shop floor.
products and processes (e.g.,
converting customer requirements and expectations into engineering specifications,
converting specifications into subsystems), production (e.g., moving materials,
converting or transforming material properties or shapes, assembling systems or
subsystems, verifying process results), and manufacturing-related business
practices (e.g., converting a customer order into a list of required parts,
cost accounting, and documenting of all procedures). This report also discusses
the need for non-technology research to better understand human resource and
other non-technical aspects of manufacturing.
An enormous amount of information
is generated and used during the design, manufacture, and use of a product to
satisfy customer needs and to meet environmental requirements. Thus it is
reasonable to suppose that the use of information technology can enable
substantial improvements in the operation, organization, and effectiveness of
information-intensive manufacturing processes and activities, largely by
facilitating their integration. Equipment and stations within factories, entire
manufacturing enterprises, and networks of suppliers, partners, and customers
located throughout the world can be more effectively connected and integrated
through the use of information technology.
Objectives
of the study:
Information technology can
provide the tools to help enterprises achieve goals widely regarded as critical
to the future of manufacturing, including:
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Rapid shifts in production from
one product to another;
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Faster implementation of new
concepts in products;
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Faster delivery of products to
customers;
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More intimate and detailed
interactions with customers;
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Fuller utilization of capital
and human resources;
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Streamlining of operations to
focus on essential business needs; and
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Elimination of unnecessary,
redundant, or wasteful activities.
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The development and
implementation of new information technology to meet these goals will be shaped
by organizational, managerial, and human resource concerns that have prevented
manufacturers from exploiting fully even the technology that exists today.
Hypothesis
Ho:
Significantly Information technology has a major role to play in the
manufacturing environment of the future.
H1:
Significantly Information technology does not have a major role to play in the
manufacturing environment of the future.
Research
Questions
The following questions suggest
research areas relevant to enterprise integration:
Q.1 What standards should
support the passing of information between the various architectures and the
interconnection of different systems within the manufacturing enterprise?
Q.2 What tools and
capabilities are needed for human- and machine-based information and resource
searching?
Research
Methodology
In this research the survey will start with the
question: “Are you interested in learning how IT play major role in
manufacturing?” The survey will include a great amount of data. The number of
open questions will be 10. The survey will include questions on success/failure
IT factors. In addition, the survey will include questions on the general
background of the respondents, the IT projects, and the respondents’
organizations, tools and leadership styles. People will be asked to take part
in the survey only if they had been actively involved in managing a IT project,
and will be asked to base their responses on their most recently concluded IT project
in manufacturing, even if that project had been curtailed or abandoned. The
survey will focus on the perspective of the project client/owner/sponsor, and
included projects carried out for their own purposes.
An e-mail enquiry will be sent to50 companymembers,
inviting them to participate in the IT project management survey. Data from the
survey will be imported from Microsoft Excel 2007 statistical software for Analysis.
Expected
Contribution from Study
Sensitivity to these concerns
will be essential to the successful development and implementation of the
information technology associated with visions of manufacturing for the 21st
century.Information technology can be used to meet a range of needs of
manufacturing decision makers. These needs suggest a research agenda with both
technological and non-technological dimensions.
Although there are many definitions
of information technology (IT), this report defines IT as encompassing a wide
range of computer and communications technologies. IT includes the hardware
that computes and communicates; the software that provides data, knowledge, and
information while at the same time controlling the hardware; and the robots,
machinery, sensors, and actuators or effectors that serve as the interface
between computers and the outside world, specifically the manufacturing shop
floor. Note also that the effective use of information technologies demands
considerable investment in training and maintenance.
1.
Introduction
2.
Literature Review
3.
Research Methodology
5.
Conclusion
6.
Recommendation
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